I have been investigating exactly the same noise on my Honda CB1300 fronts, both new Stainless rotors. Its like the sound made by resonating a crystal glass rim. I have tried everything you mentioned as well as 3 types of brake pad materials. I'm convinced it's a resonance in the rotor set off by parallel contact of the pads. I've gone back to MetalGear, the manufacturer who have done metal hardness comparison tests on the rotors for me, comparing them to OEM rotors, no difference. What I did notice was the rivets holding the rotor disk to the rotor support mount assembly were extremely tight, unlike most others which have some movement for heat expansion/contraction. So the MetalGear tech has loosened them for me. My feeling is the mechanical combination of the rotor and it's mount reinforce a resonance similar to a ringing bell. As a simple test I suspended the OEM rotors along with the problem set on a rope and struck both. The problem set rings like a bell, the OEM, nothing.
I'm expecting the modified rotors with the loosened rivets in the mail today. Will update after a test.