"How it all began" or "Can you be re-infected again and again?

well - there are two... one is a surely either a gearbox thing (a high "wiiiiiiiii" that changes with revs; sounds like a bearing...) and the other is a ratteling sound from the front. Maybe the cam-chain or a valve...  :-\

Also since some 200 Kilometers, the seal between cylinders and crank-case is leaking oil. Don't know if I took the wrong oil or it is a real issue, as the 750SF (has the same oil in) is leaking, too, since I use that oil... its a mineral oil 15w40 me thinks...
 
Come on, Tim, anyone with money now knows how to spend it productively and the rest of us can all be armchair tuners, which has merits of its own, I mean wouldn't you just love to have a bank of those carbs on your bike!!!!

Henry

 
henwilv said:
Come on, Tim, anyone with money now knows how to spend it productively and the rest of us can all be armchair tuners, which has merits of its own, I mean wouldn't you just love to have a bank of those carbs on your bike!!!!

Henry

Right. I am not writing this just for mental masturbation (I said: not JUST!  :D). It is more to make people think of what is possible and would have been possible with a slight change of the setup. Imagine one of those results at the time the bikes came on the market. Imagine a 180? banger with 112HP clutch had been brought to market with a suspension that is close to a VFR 750 built 12 years later and with a constructional advantage of almost 30 years, a handling that is even better than the VFR and - opposite to the VFR - with such a torquy, powerfull, great sounding motor.

Another point is: when I started the Keihin project, almost everyone was against it. "Will not work, you loos midrange and low-end, no torque" etc. etc.  Not ONE person on this forum shared their experiances with me, not ONE!! First I thought that is due to the fact no one did it before. Wrong. When I published my results, I had not less than 6 mails from people asking me for the setup, as they fiddelt with theirs without success. I must say I hate this kind of "protecting my own stuff", THAT is mainly why I openly talk about how I achieved the results. If someone copies it - great! Another Laverda that runs well, another Laverdisto that has more fun with it. Isn't that what the forum is about??
 
Tim,
we are happy for you to share your rebuild with us, whether in writing, or, god forbid, in photos.
These posts are, to me, inspiratioonal, and even if I was not doing similar things it may inspire me to try to do them.
 
Laverdalothar said:
Another point is: when I started the Keihin project, almost everyone was against it. "Will not work, you loos midrange and low-end, no torque" etc. etc.  Not ONE person on this forum shared their experiances with me, not ONE!! First I thought that is due to the fact no one did it before. Wrong. When I published my results, I had not less than 6 mails from people asking me for the setup, as they fiddelt with theirs without success. I must say I hate this kind of "protecting my own stuff", THAT is mainly why I openly talk about how I achieved the results. If someone copies it - great! Another Laverda that runs well, another Laverdisto that has more fun with it. Isn't that what the forum is about??

Oh now Lothar I'm hurt! Hurt to the bone my friend! I remember when you were doing your Keihin install and asking about any experience in the area, I sent you pictures and what info I had about the Keihin install on my bike. Oh how soon they forget...

:D Just kidding Lothar, I'm not really hurt! Just ribbing you.  :D
 
Hey Lothar

Great thread, I'm really enjoying your Laverda journey and like Grant I find your work along with many others on this site truly inspirational................. :D

Some other projects seem to be almost mythical.......... >:D

                                            Cheers
                                                       Matt
 
Right. I am not writing this just for mental masturbation (I said: not JUST!  Grin). It is more to make people think of what is possible and would have been possible with a slight change of the setup. Imagine one of those results at the time the bikes came on the market. Imagine a 180? banger with 112HP clutch had been brought to market with a suspension that is close to a VFR 750 built 12 years later and with a constructional advantage of almost 30 years, a handling that is even better than the VFR and - opposite to the VFR - with such a torquy, powerfull, great sounding motor.

Another point is: when I started the Keihin project, almost everyone was against it. "Will not work, you loos midrange and low-end, no torque" etc. etc.  Not ONE person on this forum shared their experiances with me, not ONE!! First I thought that is due to the fact no one did it before. Wrong. When I published my results, I had not less than 6 mails from people asking me for the setup, as they fiddelt with theirs without success. I must say I hate this kind of "protecting my own stuff", THAT is mainly why I openly talk about how I achieved the results. If someone copies it - great! Another Laverda that runs well, another Laverdisto that has more fun with it. Isn't that what the forum is about??

You know Lothar, when I read this post of yours, I really thought you brought a real clarity to the thread, (but I don't know why I feel that way)

I only do what I have to do to keep my Jota on the road :-[, but I do admire the work many on here put in.
The one thing for certain I agree with is that these bikes are made to be ridden and perhaps I am very forgiving of my Lav's shortcomings but I have changed bugger all. (possibly also due to the fact I am not as mechanically adept as most here :'()
Anyway, keep up the masturbation........... :D
 
Spondonrider said:
Laverdalothar said:
Another point is: when I started the Keihin project, almost everyone was against it. "Will not work, you loos midrange and low-end, no torque" etc. etc.  Not ONE person on this forum shared their experiances with me, not ONE!! First I thought that is due to the fact no one did it before. Wrong. When I published my results, I had not less than 6 mails from people asking me for the setup, as they fiddelt with theirs without success. I must say I hate this kind of "protecting my own stuff", THAT is mainly why I openly talk about how I achieved the results. If someone copies it - great! Another Laverda that runs well, another Laverdisto that has more fun with it. Isn't that what the forum is about??

Oh now Lothar I'm hurt! Hurt to the bone my friend! I remember when you were doing your Keihin install and asking about any experience in the area, I sent you pictures and what info I had about the Keihin install on my bike. Oh how soon they forget...

:D Just kidding Lothar, I'm not really hurt! Just ribbing you.  :D


You are right, you send the info - if I remember right after I had done the conversion already. That said, it might be that I simply was to unpatient yand you did not look into the forum every day at that time... But as far as I remember, you did not send me setup-infos etc., surely as you did not have them on hand and did not want to take your systems appart, which was OK for me. But it was really surprising that after getting almost no info, 6 people were asking for my setup as they had problems with theirs... I wonder how many Keihin-systems lurk out there without their owners raising the hand...
 
I enjoy this thread for several reasons.

I love to read about Laverda in general.

I just love even more to read about 120's.

I like to get a little more aquainted to those I am "talking" to in this forum.

It is vital to spread info, sloutions, experiences, how to/how not to etc. to a wider public for everyone to enjoy, if it displeases them. Their choice.
The ones who already know can just jump over it and leave it to the rest of us to enjoy.

I started driving Laverda only 16 soon 17 years ago, and all over Denmark where I live, there seem to be a general way to behave on this topic. Except for a few I kow of. It's like people who had experience in tuning/maintaining/repairing these bikes did not want to divide their experience to anyone else. It had become a very closed society. Personally I have another angle to this. I believe that in this world it's good to share and help and also to help people to help themselves. The old saying that there's no reason to cast pearls for swine, is still true, but I really hardly think it's relevant to this subject. There's not anyone I've ever met or heard of, owning a Laveda, who did not "deserve" to learn more. If someone is too proud of themselves to learn about others experiences or too proud to think they can actually learn something themselves, then be it, it's their choice and free will, and pretty much speaks for itself.
But I certainly support the ones who are willing to divide their experiences and knowledge with others who care to listen.  This is most true to a little society like Laverda.
Some people have been around for quite many years. Some not. It doesn't matter a bit. Anyone can have their "moment of zen" with their Laverda. Infact I think we all do.
But this aforementioned mental abandonement around my home hemisphere is not to my liking. Is it a trade secret? Are prople not worthy of knowing? Should some of us pay money to know? Should we submit and throw ourselves in the dirt to beg for mercy to know? B......t.That is also why I paticipate in this forum, because it is my impression, that all can participate with something here. And of the most diverse kinds. Jokes, stories, tecno, history etc.
Just pick the ones of your liking, and everyone should be happy.
One thing I do not like though, is when people begin to argue and throw things at each other. This is not why I'm a member, and I do not want to participate in this.

I think Lothar's story is great. He tells it with passion, jokes, ups and downs, and he is not afraid to share his knowledge. Likewise can be said of the many people who have suggested to me what had happened in my motor valve-wise some time ago. That was a help to me. And if a thread can be a help to even just one person, or bring a smile on just one persons face, then it have been worth it. Like it or not.
I like it. And I like all that somehow get in touch with Laverda.
Please continue as you feel Lothar, you have my respect.
Cheers to all,
Jacques  ;)

 
And now I will pop down to the garage and do some maintaining on my very old car...  :D

Cheers,
Jacques  ;)
 
Hi together,

I'm happy that some find my contribution worthfull. I must say that without a dealer like OCT close to me (and Roger in person, but also Volker while he was at OCT), I would surely have given up years ago. And without my brother helping me to get started, I never would have done nore would I have tried several things on my Laverdas. He helped mit doing the first steps (and maybe even the secound ones) and then it started to role and contious improvement was my target.

Today, I would not change anything on my Jota, as it is like I allways wanted it to be. That said, please don't take it as if I would underestimate an original bike. I do not! I have two modified bikes and two almost original ones, which I will keep original as long as I have them. I love to beeing lucky enough to have such different bikes with different focus. Not that I would need them (OK - I do...), but I am simply happy about having them. Stevio's comments about someone saying "Just to know I have it in the garage and am able to go for a ride brings so much value to my life" is exactly what I feel about them. My wife sometimes ask me why I do not buy me a new bike that does not make any trouble and I allways ask her back: "Do you want me to think about you the same way? I daupt. I prefer to life with the modell I know each screw on, have done so many trips with, share lots of experiances with etc. I can talk about. Even if sometimes it is not as comfortable or pleasing as with a new modell, I still prefere to keep the one I have. And believe it or not, I was only talking about bikes..." :D

will continue the stories at the weekend
 
Part XIII - The Zan? Virus

As said, when the first Zan? bikes came on the market, I was really impressed by them. They were sooo different to the Breganze bikes and still had somehow that flair of progressively bringing something to market that outbeats the competition. I mean - keep in mind that USD-Forks were still not standard on bikes, on most of them you could only buy them as aftermarket tools and they cost around 1.200 - 1.500? - way to expensive for most owners.

Compared to what the bike offered, a Ducati 750SS or even a 900SS (talking of the "Pantha-Motor" equiped one, not about bevels...) looked simply overpriced, even if the "basic price" was lower than on the Laverda. But the Laverda came with lots of high class components (Marchesine Rims, Brembo 4-pot gold-line brakes with floating discs, WP USD suspension front and rear etc. etc.). If you had bought a 900SS and upgraded it to those components, you would have ended up at 20% over the Laverda price - with almost the same performance...

In 1994, I went to the German "IFMA"-Trade show for bikes, where the "new Laverda" had ordered a booth but - did not show up. Several rumors ran around and basically the fact was that they were sold again and the money was not there to bring the bikes over. I was seriously dispappointed as that was why I came to the show. No other bikes really tempted me as much and I left the show just after 2 hours or so.

After the show, I followed the press which was not really happy about the Zane bikes, as they had some problems (quality) and so in 1995 (or 1996?), the new Investor and the new Management changed also the names from "650" to "668" as well as the design of the front fairing and some other parts. Still I liked the look of the bike but was financially not able to afford one (for the better I think today...). I was really keen on having one and beeing the first registered user and intended never to sell it, as I already saw the potential of it getting the next class of classic bikes. I still see that potential, but I guess it will take another 20 years to get them there...

In 1996, during the Pompone meeting we went to the factory and got a tour around the production. What we saw shocked me seriously... "FORD" Symbols on the electric plugs (still have that negative filter on me in regards to Ford due to the Fiesta I once had...), valve-seats on the heads had been damaged by a grinder while trying to clean the area of the spark-plug-hole, the production line was very tiny and we found a big box of - damaged cylinder-heads outside the factory building (Robert took some with him, one of whitch was obviously mounted the wrong way when the oil-lines had been drilled - one hole was ending in the inlet-channel...). Overall, the quality was - sorry - really, really crap! However - it was an interesting experiance to be at the factory and get some deep insights into the bikes.

Zane19960001.jpg

Zane19960002.jpg

Zane19960003.jpg

Zane19960004.jpg


1997, during the so called 50th anniversary, we went to the factory and saw the production of the new 750 twins. Watercooled, even more powerfull but styling-wise almost unchanged, I was really positively impressed. Even the "FORD"-Logo on the electric plugs had disapeared...  :D However, money was rare anyway (was married the 2nd year, first son was born, house just built and so...), so no chance to buy me the bike...

The years passed on, M?rz (the importer) gave up on Laverda and Stein-Dinse took over, the 750 Formula (black with orange parts) came on the market and right away I though - man - what are you doing there in the factory??? Laverda is orange (thanks to the dutch importer in the early 70's...) and has to be orange - especially the top product! I sent in some changed grafics (just with my poor little "Paint") and asked the factory to build something more tempting than that black Formula. Mainly it was inverting the color-sheme from black with orange parts to orange with black parts. I guess you get the idea...

I got a friendly mail back saying that they would like to thank me form my thoughts and suggestions, however they would seriously look at the market-trends and found that the existing color-sheme is exactly what the market was looking for. Well. Not sure which market they meant - Venus? Mars? Pegasus Galaxy??  ???

Surprisingly, they brought another Formula on the market in 1999 in "classic orange/silver" and "classic orange/blue". I am not really saying that this was based on my suggestions as it was to far away from what I sent them, but I was impressed by the look. It was exactly what I wanted! Long time I had an issue deciding which color sheme I like most but finally decided for the orange/blue.

In 2000, the new modell with improved performance, 5-spoke-wheels and some littel upgrades came on the market and I was totally in love:

750Formula2000.bmp


However, my Jota was just under rebuild, the 1000SFC had been bought just recently and my pockets - again - were empty...  :-[

Then mid/end of 2000 the rumor came true and Laverda was bankrupt again. What a shame...!!!  :'(

In 2001, I could not afford one of the lasting models Stein-Dinse still had in stock, as I had to pay the rebuild of my Jota and believe me - that was not a small amount... :o I continued riding the Breganze bikes but allways was thinking about a Formula, and it had to be 2000 modell!

One day in 2004 when I had financially recovered from the 1000SFC and the Jota, I stepped into OCT and saw a 2000 Formula in a "well used" condition. It had 17.000Km on the clock but was re-painted to orange-silver (originally orange blue), had some wild stickers on them (a large eagle on the side of the fairing...) and looked quiet messy. I talked to Volker and told him I would love to have that bike but- please - in orange blue and with a repaired engine (the problem with the rod-bearing was known at that time and OCT had a solution for it...).

We agreed that when they had done the motor, he would take some parts out of the stock (they had bought lots of stock from the factory) and make it an orange/blue original, well looking and technically perfect machine for me.

I called them 6 weeks later asking for the status just to hear the machine had been sold. I really was pissed! Volker appologized several times and told me that he will focus on a bike for me now and has something in mind already. 2 weeks later, he asked me to come over and take a look at a bike he has reserved for me. It was an original 2000 Formula, the demo-bike from Stein-Dinse that was used for all road-tests and magazine-reports in 2000! See the original Report of my bike in one of the most famous Bike-Magazines MOTORRAD. See the "Stein-Dinse-Sticker on the fairing and the italian land-scape/key that is the symbole of Stein-Dinse. The Symbole is still on my bike...  ;)

http://www.laverda-register.de/images/zane/Motorrad00-17-Vergleich_Laverda_750_SFormula.pdf


It was also borrowed to a friend of the Stein-Dinse owner for a race and made 3rd place (see the german report: http://www.ducati-spezial.de/racing/berlav.htm).

I agreed with Volker that they should first open the motor and check for damages, as it was ridden hard by the Journalists and in the race as well as I feared the rod-bearing would brake and damage the bike seriously. They checked and replaced the bearings, else the motor was in perfect condition and in March 2005, I was the proud owner of a 2000 Formula!!

Some improvements have been made since (mash-type oil-filter, optimized chip, starter-motor renewed and better wiring for it) and since then, it runs perfectly and is a true fun to ride. It handles sooooo easyly and even on very twisted roads, it is a great fun to ride!

This bike even almost convinced the brother of my wife and he was very close already to buy him one. From time to time I borrow him the Formula when we go on a ride, just to re-infect him again and again. Some deseases take long to infect, but he was already very close. Still loves his Honda though...  :-\

Coming next: "To rebuild or not to rebuild - THAT is here the question...!"
 
Part XIV - "To restore or not to restore - that his here the question!"

I am a member of a regulars' table of italian bikes owners who meet once a month just for fun, chat, exchange stories etc.. Most of them are Guzzisti, some own Benellis or Ducatis and just a few Laverdisti do come from time to time. It is a very nice group of competent people and as you might know, the Guzzisti even more than the Laverdisti like to change their bikes (or better: "adopt it to the owner"...  :D).

One Friday in July 2006 during one of those meetings, Frank (a seriously Guzzi infected but else quiet nice guy  :P) asked me if I would be interested in buying a Laverda. I shoke my head telling that if I would buy another Laverda, my wife would surely devide the house in two parts: the garage, where from now on my bed would be and the rest of the house...  :-[

Just out of interest, I asked for some details, "maybe I know someone who would be interested". He said that it is a long time owned bike of a man that bought it used in 1974 as a student, drove it just for 3 years and then de-registered it and left it in the sheed for almost 30 years. The motor was taken out, everything would be in a bad but recoverable condition. The bike would be somewhat complete. I was like: "Oh no - a bike puzzle... nothing for me... You know what you need to invest to get this bike running then? Man, it must be VERY cheap then..."

He shruged his shoulders and mumbled something of "600? he said". Well - not that I did show it, but my heartbeat went up to 140 at least... :o

I asked him to give me the address and I would "see what I can do for the owner..."  :D

Next morning, I called them just to hear that the number Frank gave me was from the owners parts shop (brittish car's parts, Morgan, Mini, Triumph and so on...) and he was on vacation. I asked if I could take a look at the bike at least just to see if it is complete, what state it was in etc. and we agreed I should come at once, as they would close at 12:00a.m.

At the shop, one of the guys guided me upstairs (!) to a storage-room where - besides the Laverda - several other parts were stored and got dusty and rusty... The bike looked - well - scarry I must say and I was almost decided that to restore it would not really make sense. So all I did was to count together what the parts would sell for and asked for the price: "800? my Boss told me." What?? Didn't Frank say 600?? Mmmhh... I told him that this is way to much, as the restauration costs for the bike would end up at roughly 5.000?. Nearly every part was corroded, broken or missing, the only good parts were the Motor (if it runs...), the Frame (was re-painted already...) and maybe the tank (which needed at least a serious polish or a re-paint). The fork was completely rusty and needed to be exhanged, the rims were bent and had some damages, seats were damaged etc. But take a look...:


DSC01858.JPG

DSC01857.JPG

DSC01861.JPG

DSC01864.JPG


From the fact that the bike is on the trailer and parts in my wifes Passat, you can imagine we agreed on 600? for the whole lot and I took the parts with me the very same day.  :D

At home, I looked at everything seriously and was thinking about what to do with it. Sell it on as is - maybe gain 600? on it. Quick and easy and someone else to having to do the job. Or better part it out and sell it in pieces. Maybe gain 1.000? on it but having the trouble of selling the parts. And then conscience stroke me and I thought about how touched Piero was when an Italian first-hand owner of a 750 Laverda came to him on the Simbach-Meeting in 2003 showing the proof that the bike was in his hands since 1973, first hand. I thought about Massimo Laverda, took a long look at the bikes in my garage and was more and more convinced of the idea to restore the bike. As the purchase price was quiet cheap, there was room for some investments...

So I went back to my wife talking with here about what to do. I knew it would cause to much stress in our relation if I changed from a quick buy and sell as innitially intended to a serious investment into the bike without her "buy-in". After talking a while about it, showing some pics. putting the tank and the seat-unit on the bike so that she could better imagine how it would look like, she was finally OK with me starting the project!

So I took the hole motor appart, stripped the frame as much as necessary, took the fork out to get it renewed by OCT, stripped the motor into pieces (which was blocked...), put all the formerly chromed parts to a galvanic shop to get it rechromed and made up a list of missing or to-be-replaced parts. It was a long list and included the rims...

To be continued...

 
"To restore or not to restore - that his here the question!" - Part II

I decided to restore the bike as said and am still sure that the bike deserved it. The motor had "just" 45.000Km on the clock and was overall in an OK condition. Nothing really worn out except maybe the "glued" piston-ring and some slight scratches in the surface of the according liner. Some other parts showed some obvious signs of to long oil-change-intervals and bad servicing. Still, the motor showed as said no reall bad damages except that the bearings had started to rust as the owner drained the oil somewhere between 1977 (last time registered) and 2006 (time of purchase). Not good.  ::)

Basically everything on the bike was corroded, damaged or simply in bad shape. Nothing reall totally unrepairable, but tons of work...:

DSC01856.JPG


DSC01859.JPG


DSC01860.JPG


DSC01861.JPG


Speedo had already been renewed. Interesting way of "adjusting" the speedo...:

DSC01864.JPG


one of the few parts that neede replacement: a broken Lukas clutch-lever:
DSC01865.JPG


As said, the motor did not look to bad but had some visible traces of bad servicing and treatment:
DSC01866.JPG


DSC01869.JPG


what a pitting...:
DSC01874.JPG


this really looks ugly compared to new pistons, but is almost normal...:
DSC01875.JPG


Lower oil-ring "hides" in the piston...:
DSC01876.JPG


never-ever store a motor without oil!!:
DSC01878.JPG


this is not my brake-plate but a SF1 one from a friend of mine that we restored. mine were restored similarly by - perlblasting them and clean them, clean them, clean them...:
DSC01884.JPG


Motor got a good washing and looke - well... OK... should have glas-perl-blasted it, too...:

DSC01917.JPG

DSC01921.JPG


Head was a "small" head one as used to be on the SF(0). No serious damages, nevertheless, we replaced all bearings, new valves, valve-seats recut, valve guides renewed etc. etc. and SF1 modification has been done to jet oil onto the cams (from the middle oil-tunnel).:
DSC01928.JPG


No cracks fortunately, but the small heads I think haven't been known to crack that much, right:
DSC01931.JPG


Doesn't that look like a face? Two eyes, a big nose and the mouth below...:
DSC01932.JPG


crank has been taken appart completely, oil slingers have been cleaned, new bearings everywhere...:
DSC01934.JPG


After a re-paint of the Tank and side-panels, exchange of the instruments against restored ones, the hole motor restauration, some new rims and spokes, rebuilt of the brakes, new stearing head bearing, completely restored fork and ceriani dampers, new tyres, etc. it finally fired up after 31 years...:

0001750SF.JPG


0002750SF.JPG


0004750SF.JPG


0005750SF.JPG


0006750SF.JPG


0008750SF.JPG


Trichter0001.jpg


It got registered on the first attempt and I ride it sometimes on the weekends for short trips like 200 Km or so. It is not the most comfortable ride, but defenitely the one with the best sound in the garage. Even my neighbours that did not pay attention to my other bikes put their heads out of the windows when I start it...  :D Big fun!!

After all the restauration, I spend a total of roughly 7.000? for it. Try that with a Ducati of the same class and time. You end up at twice that high - at least!

Was it fun? YES!! Would I do it again? Propably. Do I keep it? I really should, but I have to get my heart to it first. Still am splitted in my oppinion wether to keep or sell it. Fortunately no-one gives me 7.000? for it. Yet...  ;)

Hope that all this writing was something you enjoyed. I defenitely enjoyed typing it and hope it was of any others benefit than just mine  ;).

Code:
[b]Read YOUR story shortly!!!??!!!![/b]
 
Laverdalothar said:
Hi together,

I'm happy that some find my contribution worthfull. I must say that without a dealer like OCT close to me (and Roger in person, but also Volker while he was at OCT), I would surely have given up years ago.

Hmm, I think that is something Laverda's have really suffered from.

If you've bought a bike you're unfamiliar with and there is nobody usefully (within maybe 3 hours travelling time?) nearby who knows them then you are going to struggle to get and keep it running as it should.

One of the constants for me of owning a Laverda is having people look at it, sigh, tell me they had one  but they could never get it to run well. I'll start a separate thread about the most recent such conversation rather than derail this very interesting & informative one.

Bob
 
Lothar ,
That restoration was a labor of love. Shows in the result too!
 
My wife sometimes ask me why I do not buy me a new bike that does not make any trouble and I allways ask her back: "Do you want me to think about you the same way? I daupt. I prefer to life with the modell I know each screw on, have done so many trips with, share lots of experiances with etc. I can talk about. Even if sometimes it is not as comfortable or pleasing as with a new modell, I still prefere to keep the one I have. And believe it or not, I was only talking about bikes..." :D

    Lothar,      I bet you got lucky that night :D :D :D.      What a great line. I must remember that .

    please,please continue 
 
Hi Lothar,
Great stories, and great bikes, worth doing and using.
So I second that of Jota Howl.

Cheers,
Jacques  ;)
 
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